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California Probate Code

Probate Code Section 6401: Spouse Intestate Share

Probate Code 6401 determines what share of the estate goes to a surviving spouse when there is no will (intestate succession) in California.

3 Related Forms
3 Related Sections

Plain English Explanation

In California, when someone dies without a will, their surviving spouse automatically gets all of the community property (property acquired during marriage). For separate property (property owned before marriage or received as gift/inheritance), the spouse's share depends on who else survives: If no children, parents, or siblings survive, the spouse gets everything. If there's one child or the children of one deceased child, the spouse gets half. If there are multiple children (or issue of multiple children), the spouse gets one-third. Parents and siblings only matter if there are no children.

Key Points to Remember

Community property: Spouse gets 100% (they already owned 50%, now get decedent's 50%)
Separate property distribution depends on surviving relatives
No other survivors = spouse gets all separate property
One child (or issue of one deceased child) = spouse gets 50% of separate property
Multiple children = spouse gets 33% of separate property
Registered domestic partners have the same rights as spouses

Full Statutory Text

(a) As to community property, the intestate share of the surviving spouse is the one-half of the community property that belongs to the decedent under Section 100.

(b) As to quasi-community property, the intestate share of the surviving spouse is the one-half of the quasi-community property that belongs to the decedent under Section 101.

(c) As to separate property, the intestate share of the surviving spouse or surviving domestic partner is as follows:
(1) The entire intestate estate if the decedent did not leave any surviving issue, parent, brother, sister, or issue of a deceased brother or sister.
(2) One-half of the intestate estate in the following cases:
(A) Where the decedent leaves only one child or the issue of one deceased child.
(B) Where the decedent leaves no issue but leaves a parent or parents or their issue or the issue of either of them.
(3) One-third of the intestate estate in the following cases:
(A) Where the decedent leaves more than one child.
(B) Where the decedent leaves one child and the issue of one or more deceased children.
(C) Where the decedent leaves issue of two or more deceased children.

California Probate Code Section 6401

Practical Application

This section is crucial for determining whether probate is even needed. If all assets are community property and the spouse survives, the spouse may receive everything automatically or through a simple spousal property petition (no full probate needed). Understanding the characterization of property as community vs. separate is essential.

Practical Tips

  • Document which assets are community vs. separate property
  • Consider a Spousal Property Petition if all assets are community property
  • If both spouses die without wills, intestate succession becomes very complex
  • Making a will avoids all of these default rules and lets you choose

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need probate if my spouse dies without a will?

Not necessarily. If all assets were community property, you may be able to use a simple Spousal Property Petition (Probate Code 13650) instead of full probate. This is faster and less expensive.

What if we had separate property before marriage?

Separate property follows different rules. The spouse gets some or all depending on whether children or other relatives survive. Property that was separate maintains its character unless commingled.

What about domestic partners?

Registered domestic partners have identical rights to married spouses under California law for intestate succession purposes.

How do children from a previous marriage affect inheritance?

All children of the decedent are treated equally, regardless of which marriage they're from. If the decedent had children from a prior relationship, those children share in the separate property distribution, potentially reducing the surviving spouse's share.

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